Best Alliums to Grow in New York
New York sits in USDA Hardiness Zone 6. These 35 allium varieties are suited to New York's 180-day growing season with last frost around April 15 and first frost around October 15.
Varieties
35
for New York
USDA Zone
6
180-day season
Beginner
20
easy to grow
Heirloom
24
heritage varieties
New York in USDA Zone 6
New York is primarily in Zone 6. Varieties that thrive in this zone will typically grow well across the state, though local microclimates vary.
When to Plant Alliums in New York
Growing Alliums in New York
Zone 6 offers an excellent sweet spot for growing alliums, with its moderate winters and extended growing season providing ideal conditions for both storage and fresh varieties. The key advantage here is having enough winter chill to satisfy hardneck garlic requirements while still maintaining mild enough conditions for tender varieties like sweet onions and shallots to thrive. Your 180-day growing season is long enough for full-size storage onions to mature properly, while the predictable frost pattern lets you time plantings with confidence.
When selecting allium varieties for Zone 6, focus on cold hardiness ratings and days to maturity. Hardneck garlic varieties like Music and German Extra Hardy will give you the best storage life and flavor complexity, while sweet onions such as Candy and Yellow Sweet Spanish have just enough time to develop their characteristic mild taste before your October frost. The varieties I've selected below have all proven themselves reliable performers in Zone 6 conditions, balancing cold tolerance with the ability to size up properly during your growing window.
What makes Zone 6 particularly forgiving for allium growing is the relatively stable spring weather pattern. Unlike zones with unpredictable late freezes, your mid-April last frost date gives you a clear target for timing outdoor plantings, while fall's gradual cooldown allows for extended harvest periods and proper curing time before hard freezes arrive.
Variety Comparison
Variety Details
Ailsa Craig Sweet Onion
A legendary exhibition onion variety from Scotland that can grow to enormous sizes while maintaining sweet, mild flavor. This pale yellow globe onion is famous for winning competitions and producing bulbs that can weigh 2-3 pounds when grown with proper care. Despite its impressive size, Ailsa Craig maintains excellent eating quality and stores reasonably well.
Candy Onion
Slightly flattened yellow onion has potential for large size, especially when sown for overwintering in its optimum 33-40° latitude range. A Walla Walla-type for growing farther south. Also offered as plants.
Common Chives
Compared to Staro, Purly has a more upright plant habit with a slightly straighter leaf. Edible Flowers: Pull the florets apart and sprinkle on salads, dips, sauces, soups, stir-fries, and pizza. Great as an addition to potato salad. Flavor is of mild, sweet onion.
Copra Onion
The gold standard for long-storage onions, Copra delivers outstanding keeping quality with bulbs storing 8-12 months when properly cured. This reliable variety produces uniform, dense bulbs with excellent flavor that intensifies during storage. A must-have for gardeners seeking year-round onion self-sufficiency.
Elephant Garlic
Despite its name, Elephant Garlic is actually more closely related to leeks than true garlic, producing massive bulbs that can weigh up to one pound each. The flavor is much milder and sweeter than regular garlic, making it perfect for roasting whole or for those who want garlic flavor without the bite. Each enormous clove can be as large as a regular garlic bulb.
Evergreen Hardy White
Tall, straight, blue-green leaves. Very resistant to bulbing and leaf-curl in the heat of midsummer. Long, white shanks provide excellent yields. Not as winter-hardy as Evergreen Hardy White.
Evergreen White Bunching Onion
A hardy perennial scallion variety that lives up to its name by providing fresh green onions year-round in most climates. This vigorous variety forms thick white bases and dark green tops that can be harvested continuously by cutting and allowing to regrow. Perfect for gardeners who want a permanent source of fresh scallions without replanting.
French Gray Shallot
The gourmet cook's dream shallot, prized by French chefs for its complex, wine-like flavor and firm texture that holds up beautifully in cooking. These traditional gray-skinned shallots multiply from single bulbs into clusters of 6-12 bulbs with rose-colored flesh and incredible storage life. Their sophisticated flavor is milder than onions but more complex than garlic.
Garlic Chives
Wide, flat leaves are attractive and easy to harvest. Mild garlic flavor. USDA Certified Organic.
Georgia Fire Garlic
A robust softneck garlic variety that thrives in warmer climates where hardneck varieties struggle. Known for its reliable bulb formation and excellent storage qualities, producing plump bulbs with creamy white skin and a bold, spicy flavor. This variety is perfect for southern gardeners who want to grow their own garlic successfully.
German Extra Hardy Garlic
A robust hardneck garlic variety that lives up to its name by surviving the harshest winters while producing large, flavorful bulbs with 4-6 cloves each. This porcelain-type garlic offers excellent storage life and a rich, complex flavor that becomes sweet and nutty when roasted. It's an ideal choice for northern gardeners who want reliable garlic production and the bonus of edible scapes in early summer.
Giant Musselburgh
A legendary Scottish heirloom leek that produces enormous, thick white stems up to 3 inches in diameter and excellent cold hardiness. This impressive variety has been grown since the 1830s and remains a favorite for its mild, sweet flavor and ability to overwinter in harsh climates. Giant Musselburgh is the go-to choice for gardeners wanting impressive leeks for soups and braising.
Giant Red Beard
A showstopping ornamental allium that creates dramatic 6-inch purple globes on tall stems, making it a favorite for cutting gardens and perennial borders. This Dutch hybrid blooms in late spring with hundreds of star-shaped flowers that attract beneficial insects and dry beautifully for arrangements. The spherical flower heads are perfectly geometric and long-lasting.
Inchelium Red Softneck Garlic
An award-winning heirloom softneck garlic from Washington state that's perfect for beginners and delivers exceptional flavor. These large, plump bulbs store for up to 10 months and offer a rich, full-bodied garlic taste that's not overpowering. The most reliable garlic variety for gardeners in warmer climates where hardnecks struggle.
Italian Red Torpedo Onion
An elegant elongated onion with stunning deep red skin and crisp white flesh streaked with purple rings. This intermediate-day variety offers a perfect balance of sweet and sharp flavors that mellows beautifully when cooked. The distinctive torpedo shape and vibrant color make it a standout in both the garden and on the plate.
Japanese Bunching Onions
Tall, straight, blue-green leaves. Very resistant to bulbing and leaf-curl in the heat of midsummer. Long, white shanks provide excellent yields. Not as winter-hardy as Evergreen Hardy White.
Music Hardneck Garlic
The gold standard of hardneck garlic varieties, prized by both home gardeners and gourmet chefs for its exceptional flavor and reliability. Music produces large, easy-to-peel cloves with a perfect balance of heat and sweetness that intensifies when cooked. This Italian heirloom is incredibly cold-hardy and stores beautifully for 8-10 months.
Purple de Lautrec Shallot
A prestigious French heirloom shallot with protected designation of origin status, prized by chefs worldwide for its complex, wine-like flavor. The elongated bulbs have beautiful purple-tinged skin and develop multiple cloves with incomparable taste. This is the shallot that elevates French cuisine to culinary art.
Purple Sensation Allium
A spectacular ornamental allium that produces stunning 4-6 inch spherical flower heads on tall, sturdy stems in late spring. The deep purple globe-shaped blooms create dramatic architectural elements in perennial gardens and are exceptional as cut flowers. This award-winning variety naturalizes well and returns year after year with even more impressive displays.
Purple Top Walla Walla
The sweet, mild onion that made Walla Walla, Washington famous. This beloved heirloom variety produces large, flattened bulbs with purple-tinged skin and crisp white flesh so sweet they can be eaten like apples. Perfect for those who want to grow their own version of this premium market onion.
Purplette
These flavorful specialty onions mature early and hold well. Purplette is a glossy rich burgundy, transforming to a nice pastel pink when cooked or pickled. Can be harvested at golf ball size or very young as baby bunching onions with purple pearl ends. Best at 40° latitude and higher.
Red Baron Shallots
A premium French-type shallot with beautiful reddish-purple skin and crisp white flesh tinged with purple rings that adds both flavor and visual appeal to any dish. These elongated bulbs multiply underground to produce clusters of 6-8 shallots per plant, offering exceptional value and storage life. Their complex, wine-like flavor is more refined than onions, making them a favorite among gourmet cooks and essential for French cuisine.
Red Burgundy Onion
A stunning deep red storage onion that combines beautiful color with excellent keeping qualities and robust flavor. The dark burgundy skin and purple-tinged white flesh make this variety as ornamental as it is functional in the kitchen. Red Burgundy stores for 6-8 months when properly cured, making it ideal for gardeners who want year-round homegrown onions.
Red Burgundy Shallot
A striking shallot variety with deep burgundy-red skin that adds both flavor and visual appeal to the garden and kitchen. These prolific multipliers produce clusters of medium-sized bulbs with excellent storage qualities and a perfect balance of onion sweetness and garlic complexity. A favorite among home gardeners for its reliability and gourmet appeal.
Red Carpet Chives
A stunning ornamental chive variety that produces masses of vibrant rose-red flowers above dense clumps of slender green foliage. Beyond its beauty, this perennial herb offers the same mild onion flavor as regular chives, making it both a gorgeous garden accent and a useful culinary herb. The flowers are edible and make beautiful garnishes.
Red Wing Storage Onion
A premium red storage onion that combines excellent keeping quality with bold flavor and stunning deep red color. These perfectly round bulbs store for 8-10 months when properly cured, making them ideal for gardeners who want homegrown onions year-round. The firm texture and sharp flavor make them perfect for cooking.
Rossa di Milano
This stunning Italian heirloom red onion produces deep crimson bulbs with crisp, white flesh streaked with purple rings. Known for its mild, sweet flavor and beautiful appearance, it's perfect for fresh eating and adds dramatic color to salads and sandwiches. Rossa di Milano thrives in warm climates and matures earlier than many storage onions.
Siberian Garlic
An extremely hardy hardneck garlic variety that survives brutal winters and produces beautiful purple-striped bulbs with complex, robust flavor. This reliable performer sends up dramatic curling scapes in summer and develops 8-12 cloves per bulb with excellent storage life. Siberian is perfect for northern gardeners who want dependable garlic with gourmet flavor and stunning appearance.
Spanish Roja Garlic
A legendary hardneck garlic variety brought to the Pacific Northwest by Spanish immigrants, Spanish Roja offers full-bodied flavor with a satisfying heat that doesn't overpower. Known for its beautiful purple-striped bulb wrappers and reliable performance in cold climates. This is the garlic that made Spokane famous among garlic enthusiasts.
Stuttgart
A classic German heirloom onion prized for its exceptional storage life and reliable performance in cool climates. This flat-topped yellow onion develops firm, dense bulbs with crisp white flesh and a pleasantly sharp flavor that mellows beautifully when cooked. Stuttgart's outstanding keeping quality makes it a favorite among gardeners who want to store their harvest through winter.
Vidalia Onion
The famous sweet onion from Georgia, prized for its mild flavor and exceptional sweetness that allows it to be eaten raw like an apple. These large, golden onions have become synonymous with Southern cooking and are perfect for caramelizing, grilling, or enjoying fresh in salads. Their low sulfur content and high sugar content make them a favorite among gardeners who want to grow restaurant-quality sweet onions at home.
Walla Walla Sweet Onion
Juicy, sweet, regional favorite. In the Northwest, which has normal low winter temperatures above -10°F (-23°C), seed is sown in late August, and a crop of very large, flattened, ultra-mild onions is harvested early the next summer. SPRING PLANTING: Walla Walla may be spring planted using seeds or plants in colder regions where winter survival is hit or miss. It is not as big or sweet as the wintered-over crop, but still milder and juicier than others from spring planting. Nice as a "green top" onion. Not for storage. Adaptation: 35-55° latitude. Also offered organic, and as plants.
White Lisbon Bunching Onion
The classic European bunching onion prized for its crisp white stems and mild onion flavor. Perfect for continuous harvesting throughout the growing season, these versatile scallions can be harvested young for tender greens or left to mature for thicker stems. A kitchen garden essential that's incredibly easy to grow.
Yellow Granex Onion
The authentic sweet onion that made Georgia's Vidalia region famous, Yellow Granex produces large, globe-shaped bulbs with exceptionally mild, sweet flavor. These golden beauties are so gentle they can be eaten like apples when grown in the right conditions. Perfect for gardeners wanting to grow their own version of premium sweet onions.
Yellow Sweet Spanish Onion
A classic long-day onion variety beloved for producing enormous, mild-flavored bulbs that can reach softball size or larger. These golden-skinned beauties are incredibly versatile in the kitchen, sweet enough to eat raw yet substantial enough for cooking. Perfect for northern gardeners who want to grow impressive onions that store well through winter.
Zone 6 Growing Tips for New York
Start your onion seeds indoors in late February to early March, giving them 8-10 weeks to develop strong transplants for outdoor planting after your April 15th frost date. Don't rush this – onions transplanted too early in cold, wet soil often struggle with disease issues. For direct seeding, wait until soil temperatures consistently reach 50°F, usually late April to early May. Plant garlic cloves in mid to late October, giving them 4-6 weeks to establish roots before the ground freezes hard.
The biggest challenge in Zone 6 is managing spring moisture levels, as snowmelt and spring rains can create waterlogged conditions just when you need to get alliums in the ground. Improve drainage by working compost into heavy clay soils the previous fall, and consider raised beds if your garden tends to stay soggy. Row covers can extend your season on both ends – protecting early transplants from late cold snaps and keeping mature bulbs growing longer into fall.
For season extension, focus on succession planting of green onions and chives every 2-3 weeks from April through August. Your long growing season allows for this luxury, giving you fresh alliums from spring through fall. Shallots planted in early spring will be ready for harvest by mid-July, leaving time for a second crop of quick-maturing varieties like Japanese Bunching Onions for fall harvest.