Best Ground Covers to Grow in South Dakota
South Dakota sits in USDA Hardiness Zone 4. These 22 ground cover varieties are suited to South Dakota's 135-day growing season with last frost around May 10 and first frost around September 25.
Varieties
22
for South Dakota
USDA Zone
4
135-day season
Beginner
16
easy to grow
Heirloom
3
heritage varieties
South Dakota in USDA Zone 4
South Dakota is primarily in Zone 4. Varieties that thrive in this zone will typically grow well across the state, though local microclimates vary.
When to Plant Ground Covers in South Dakota
Growing Ground Covers in South Dakota
Zone 4 gardeners face unique challenges when selecting ground covers, but the payoff is worth the effort. With winter temperatures dipping to -30°F and a relatively short 135-day growing season, you need hardy varieties that can establish quickly and survive harsh conditions. The key is choosing plants that not only tolerate extreme cold but actually thrive in it, often emerging stronger and more vigorous after winter dormancy.
Successful zone 4 ground covers share several traits: deep root systems that anchor against frost heave, low-growing habits that benefit from snow insulation, and the ability to spread efficiently during the compressed growing season. Look for varieties that offer multiple seasons of interest – spring flowers, summer foliage, or interesting winter texture – to maximize your investment in plants that may take a full season to establish.
The ground covers listed here have proven themselves in zone 4 conditions, many actually preferring the distinct seasonal changes and cold winter chill hours. From the reliable spreading habit of Creeping Phlox to the bulletproof nature of Sedum 'Dragon's Blood,' these varieties will give you dependable coverage even in challenging microclimates like exposed slopes or areas with poor drainage that freeze and thaw repeatedly.
Variety Comparison
| Variety ↑ | Days | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|
| Ajuga | N/A | Easy |
| Bugleweed | N/A | Easy |
| Creeping Jenny | — | Very easy |
| Creeping Juniper | — | Easy |
| Creeping Phlox | N/A | Easy |
| Creeping Thyme | 90-95 | Easy |
| Heuchera (Coral Bells) | N/A | Easy |
| Hosta | N/A | Easy |
| Hostas | — | Easy |
| Irish Moss | — | Easy |
| Ivy (English Ivy) | N/A | Very easy |
| Japanese Painted Fern | — | Easy to moderate |
| Japanese Spurge | N/A | Easy to moderate |
| Lamb's Ear | — | Easy |
| Moss Phlox | — | Easy |
| Pachysandra | N/A | Easy |
| Sedum 'Dragon's Blood' | N/A | Very easy |
| Spotted Deadnettle | N/A | Easy |
| Sweet Woodruff | 60-75 | Easy |
| Vinca Minor | N/A | Easy |
| Wild Ginger | — | Moderate |
| Wintercreeper Euonymus | — | Easy |
Variety Details
Ajuga
Known as bugleweed, this fast-spreading perennial creates stunning foliage carpets in bronze, purple, or variegated patterns topped with spikes of blue flowers in late spring. This European native thrives in shade and quickly fills in bare spots with its colorful rosettes of leaves. The dramatic flower spikes attract bees and butterflies, making it both beautiful and beneficial for pollinators.
Bugleweed
A fast-spreading evergreen ground cover that forms dense mats of glossy leaves topped with stunning spikes of blue-purple flowers in spring. Perfect for suppressing weeds in shady areas while providing reliable year-round coverage with seasonal color bursts. Extremely hardy and low-maintenance once established.
Creeping Jenny
A vigorous, fast-spreading perennial with bright chartreuse round leaves that cascade beautifully over walls and fill in large areas quickly. Golden yellow cup-shaped flowers appear in summer, adding bright color to this already eye-catching foliage plant. Though aggressive, it's perfect for problem areas where other plants struggle and creates stunning contrast in shade gardens.
Creeping Juniper
A hardy, low-maintenance evergreen ground cover that forms dense, spreading mats perfect for slopes and difficult areas. This native North American plant offers year-round color with needle-like foliage that ranges from blue-green to purplish in winter. Extremely drought tolerant once established, making it ideal for xeriscaping and low-water gardens.
Creeping Phlox
A spectacular spring bloomer that transforms landscapes into carpets of vibrant color. This hardy perennial forms dense mats of needle-like evergreen foliage topped with masses of five-petaled flowers in pink, purple, white, or red. Perfect for rock gardens, slopes, and anywhere you need reliable, low-maintenance color that returns year after year.
Creeping Thyme
Slender, creeping stems and round leaves with lavender blooms. Can withstand light foot traffic and gives off pleasant aroma when walked upon. Drought tolerant once established. Perennial in Zones 5-8.
Heuchera (Coral Bells)
Coral bells bring year-round color to the garden with stunning foliage in shades of purple, silver, lime, and coral. These compact perennials produce delicate flower spikes that dance above colorful leaves, creating perfect ground cover for borders and containers. Modern hybrids offer incredible leaf colors that rival any flower for garden impact.
Hosta
The ultimate shade garden workhorse, hostas provide lush foliage in countless colors, sizes, and patterns. From tiny miniatures to massive specimen plants, these perennials create stunning ground cover while producing fragrant spikes of white or purple flowers. Their incredible variety and reliability make them indispensable for transforming difficult shady areas into garden showcases.
Hostas
The ultimate shade garden staple, hostas are beloved for their lush foliage and incredible variety of leaf colors, sizes, and patterns. These reliable perennials form dense clumps that suppress weeds while adding elegant texture to shaded areas. With hundreds of cultivars available, from tiny miniatures to massive statement plants, there's a hosta for every garden design.
Irish Moss
Not actually a moss but a charming perennial that forms dense, carpet-like mats of tiny bright green foliage. Perfect for filling gaps between stepping stones or creating a soft, cushioned groundcover in small spaces. In late spring, it's dotted with tiny white star-shaped flowers that add delicate beauty to this tough little plant.
Ivy (English Ivy)
The classic evergreen vine that doubles as dense ground cover, English ivy creates a lush green carpet that thrives in deep shade where grass won't grow. Its glossy, lobed leaves provide year-round coverage, making it ideal for problem areas like steep slopes and dry shade under mature trees. This vigorous grower quickly establishes to suppress weeds and prevent erosion.
Japanese Painted Fern
A stunning shade perennial that brings luminous color to dark corners with its silvery-gray fronds marked with purple stems and green edges. This elegant fern creates a sophisticated groundcover that brightens shaded areas like no other plant can. Its metallic sheen and architectural form make it a designer favorite for upscale landscape projects.
Japanese Spurge
Native American alternative to traditional pachysandra, featuring attractive mottled foliage and fragrant white flower clusters in early spring. This semi-evergreen spreader thrives in deep shade where grass won't grow, creating elegant natural carpets under mature trees. More heat tolerant than its Asian cousin.
Lamb's Ear
A distinctive perennial ground cover beloved for its incredibly soft, silvery-white fuzzy leaves that children and adults can't resist touching. Dense spikes of small purple flowers rise above the foliage in summer, but many gardeners prefer to remove them to keep the focus on the stunning textural foliage. This drought-tolerant beauty creates beautiful contrast against green plants and glows in moonlight gardens.
Moss Phlox
A spectacular spring-flowering ground cover that transforms slopes and rock gardens into sheets of vibrant color. This hardy perennial forms dense mats of needle-like evergreen foliage topped with masses of five-petaled flowers in shades of pink, purple, white, or blue. Extremely drought tolerant and deer resistant, making it perfect for low-maintenance landscapes.
Pachysandra
The gold standard for shade ground cover, beloved by gardeners for its glossy evergreen leaves and ability to thrive where grass won't grow. This Japanese native forms dense, weed-suppressing mats under trees and in deep shade areas. Once established, it requires virtually no maintenance while providing year-round green coverage with delicate white flower spikes in spring.
Sedum 'Dragon's Blood'
This stunning succulent ground cover lives up to its dramatic name with deep red foliage that intensifies in cool weather and bright star-shaped pink flowers in summer. Perfect for rock gardens, green roofs, and anywhere you need extremely low-maintenance coverage. This drought-tolerant spreader thrives in poor soils and challenging conditions where other plants fail, making it ideal for xeriscaping and sustainable landscapes.
Spotted Deadnettle
An outstanding variegated ground cover with silver-splashed leaves and cheerful pink, purple, or white flowers that bloom from spring through fall. Thrives in challenging shady spots while providing bright foliage contrast and extended flowering period. Non-invasive and easy to control.
Sweet Woodruff
A charming woodland perennial that forms dense mats of star-shaped whorled leaves topped with delicate white flowers in late spring. When dried, the leaves release a sweet vanilla-hay fragrance that has been treasured for centuries in potpourri and traditional May wine. This well-behaved spreader is perfect for naturalizing in shade gardens and won't overwhelm neighboring plants like some ground covers.
Vinca Minor
Also known as periwinkle, this European native is prized for its glossy dark green leaves and charming blue flowers that appear from spring through fall. This vigorous spreader quickly covers difficult slopes and shaded areas where other plants struggle. The trailing stems root as they grow, creating an impenetrable carpet that effectively suppresses weeds while adding elegant color to the landscape.
Wild Ginger
A native woodland perennial prized for its large, heart-shaped leaves that create an elegant carpet in deep shade where few other plants thrive. Hidden beneath the foliage, curious burgundy bell-shaped flowers bloom at ground level in spring, pollinated by crawling insects. This slow-growing but long-lived ground cover is perfect for naturalizing under trees and creating a lush, forest-like atmosphere.
Wintercreeper Euonymus
A versatile evergreen ground cover prized for its glossy, colorful foliage and ability to thrive in challenging conditions. Available in numerous cultivars with variegated green and white or green and yellow leaves that add brightness to shaded areas. This adaptable plant can also climb walls or trees when given support, making it incredibly useful in landscape design.
Zone 4 Growing Tips for South Dakota
Timing is critical in zone 4 – plant ground covers in late spring after your May 10th average last frost date, giving them maximum time to establish before the September 25th first frost arrives. However, don't rush to plant immediately after the frost-free date passes; soil temperature matters more than air temperature for root development. Wait until soil consistently reaches 50°F, usually late May to early June, before transplanting container-grown ground covers.
Fall planting can work for the hardiest varieties like Creeping Juniper and Vinca Minor, but only if done by early August to allow 6-8 weeks of root establishment before frost. Focus on soil preparation in zone 4 – improve drainage to prevent winter root rot and frost heave, but maintain moisture retention for the intense summer heat that often accompanies short growing seasons. A 2-3 inch layer of compost worked into planting areas makes an enormous difference in establishment success.
Mulching strategy differs in zone 4 compared to warmer zones. Apply a light mulch after planting to retain summer moisture, but pull it away from plant crowns in late fall to prevent rodent damage and ice buildup. Many zone 4 ground covers benefit from snow cover as natural insulation, so avoid excessive fall cleanup that might reduce snow accumulation around your plants.